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History of Geo- and Space Sciences (HGSS) is published by Copernicus GmbH (Copernicus Publications).

HGSS ISSN 2190-5010 eISSN 2190-5029 https://hgss.copernicus.org/articles/

Image credit to (from top left to bottom right): Emil Wiechert: With kind transmission from the Geophysical Institute of the University of Göttingen Georg von Neumayer: public domain, copyright expired, via Wikimedia Commons Georgius Agricola: public domain, copyright expired, via Wikimedia Commons Inge Lehmann: Photo courtesy of B.A. Bolt. This image is a faithful digitisation of a unique historic image Milutin Milankovic: public domain, copyright expired, via Wikimedia Commons Sir Edward Victor Appleton: public domain, copyright expired, via Wikimedia Commons Alexander von Humboldt: public domain, copyright expired, via Wikimedia Commons Giuseppe Mercalli: With kind kind transmission from the Library of the Osservatorio Vesuviano (INGV), Napoli

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